Nanofiltration membranes are used in the purification of potable and waste water. Newly considering the use of incinerators or their involvement in the cascade of filters. This article describes the design of visualization methods for testing filters in general.

Author offers practical best practices, leading to significant savings in the preparation of hot water, ensuring the required quantity of hot water, temperature and elimination of microbiological risks.

This paper contains a proposal involving basic thermal calculations and how to manage water heating with a heating plate in hot water tanks. Heating plates are chosen because water heating can be clearly described from without the tanks with conventional heating relations, and designers can easily calculate all parameters. Tanks are used because they can reduce the heat output of the generators. We are speaking in this case about gas condensing water heating boilers.

The article describes the experiment of verifiable possibilities for using nano-textile materials in the field of microbiological filtration of polluted water. The main advantage of this procedure to clean contaminated water is the total absence of chemical products, which would later remain in the disinfected water if chemical cleaners were used and could contribute to the degradation of biological reactions in the organism. The experimental results have not confirmed the theoretical assumptions that the size of the pores of the selected nano-textiles would prevent the passage of bacteria. The filtered liquid, with the exception of PUR, was filtered through a nano-textile, yet the evaluation still showed bacteria contamination. Stronger nano-textiles with PUR were not appropriate for filtration due to their impermeability (much too large a layer). When three layers of PA612 were used a different number of colonies before and after filtration were recorded. After filtration, the number of bacteria was reduced by two orders. Although that amount of microbiological contamination is still harmful to the health, the technology organisation of the filter may indicate the direction in which further action can be taken.

Price of water in 2010 has risen again. A frequent cause is necessary investments and of course, increase VAT. The European Parliament stated that the EU could be saved 40% of water consumed. Also proposed a number of conservation measures and one of them is the motivation of higher prices.

The article describes a specific installation. This heat pump is installed in a family house in Pinkafeld, Burgerland, Eastern Austria. According to the recorded data, the energy flow of the heat pump was evaluated and the seasonal values of the heating factor in the hot water were determined during a period of one and a half years. The results of heat pump's water antifreeze mix show that the water heating corresponds to current energy demands and economical operation.

This article provides an overview of standards that must be taken into account when projecting, preparing and installing internal drainages. The standard BS EN 12056-1 to 5 (75 6760): 2001 Buildings - Gravitational Systems, together with the residual original Czech standard CSN 75 6760: 2003, Internal Drainage should be considered the most important, as well as BS EN 12109 (75 6761): 2000 buildings - Vacuum Systems. Other standards address the evacuation of water containing hydrocarbons, fats, water treatment plants and testing facilities for sewage and sanitation.

This article provides an overview of standards that must be taken into account when projecting, preparing and installing internal water supplies. The most important to be considered is BS EN 806, which is already in parts 1,2,3, with other 2 parts still pending. At the moment the original Czech standard ČSN 73 6660 Interla Water Supply, is only being adjusted. Its overall review will be undertaken only after all parts of BS EN 806 have been published. From the list of standards, it is also possible to choose CSN 75 54 55. Calculation of Internal Water Supply, and CSN 06 0320 for the design and calculation of the disposition of hot water.

As in the rest of the EU Member States, the Directive 98/83/EC for drinking water requirements is also valid for the Czech Republic, but our country has also used the opportunity provided by this directive to set even more strict requirements for the quality of drinking water with the inclusion other indicators among the mandatory monitoring indicators. Different countries choose different procedures and strategies to reduce exposure to lead in drinking water and meet more strict requirements on its contents. The Czech Rep. is in a path of gradual replacement of lead materials. In addition to the initiatives of individual water supply companies aimed at replacing lead pipelines, there is a national program to promote their replacement in internal water supplies.

Nowadays, there are a lot of reasons for limitation rainfall water runoff out of estates. With a view to protecting environment, but also in connection with technical and economical options it is needed step down runoff of rain water.

The second part of the article focuses particularly on water and gas supply plumbing. For the water supply plumbing the current need for metering must be taken into account and the location of the meters resolved. Changes occurred also in the pipelines and materials. Old gas supply lines can be problematic in terms of the dimensions and tightness of the pipelines. There will be vital changes in the requirements for the location of main valve and gas meters. The renovations will require the most accurate survey and carefully prepared project. In order to have a successful renovation, improvisation in the construction works must be most limited.

The renovation of the so called "Panel Buildings" is currently the centre of attention. This creates the impression that renovation and modernisation are only necessary for this type of buildings, while others, often much older blocks of flats, are not in need of renovations. The renovation of the sanitary installations in old brick buildings is often much more difficult because the ascenders and waste pipes are not located in shafts. Most pipes are right under the plaster or under the floors on underground floors. The materials of plumbings that can be found in these buildings are gradually reaching the end of their lifespan. In buildings dating from before WWII we often come across obsolete and usually unsatisfactory lay-outs for the sanitary installations.

Separation of yellow waste water and rainwater, and their subsequent use in agriculture (yellow water) and residential (rainwater) is real. When using tank rainwater, tanks to stabilize urine and domestic wastewater treatment plant we will have 85% savings in potable water.

The article deals with the influence of the floor area of house energy supplied to the hot water. Mutually compare three methods of calculation and one of them use in the calculation of delivered energy for hot water system, through which energy class is designed for local consumption - the warm water.