The methodology for determining energy-neutral or energy-zero houses is different at national levels. The interest in the realization of such houses is not only influenced by the methodology but also by the market conditions in the area of moving surplus energy production from one object to another. This is an economically disadvantageous purchase price when delivering to the network. If the existing conditions in the Czech Republic are not changed, the implementation of energy-zero houses for investors will not be interesting and the potential for reduction of CO₂ production will not be utilized.

The notion of a nearly zero building, usually NZEB or nZEB, is no longer a novelty. This energy standard was introduced in 2016 and is gradually expanding into family houses. There are legislation, standards, but little has been gained. That's why the authors analyzed 130 already existing family houses with different heat sources. The result is an assessment of the influence of different heat sources on the energy intensity of homes and therefore an orientation aid for decision-makers of future builders.

The article focuses in detail on the effect of the storage tank size on the yearly balance of the photovoltaic power plant using a 10-minute calculation step that will allow us to take a closer look at the processes associated with the production of electricity, the hot water consumption and its accumulation. The results are assessed not only from the point of view of the energy balance, but also from the point of view of economic advantage.

By replacing the non-condensing gas boiler with condensing is connected with the necessity to solve the condensate drain from the boiler into the sewer. For boilers, especially in households, it may be as simple as introducing condensate into the flushing cistern of the WC. The article discusses operational and hygienic contexts. The conclusion is that without the additional installation of a special fitting – the pipe separator into the drinking water supply to the cistern, it is a solution that is inconsistent with current regulations and cannot be recommended.

The aim of the paper is to highlight the most common mistakes in sizing of domestic hot water (hereinafter only DHW) storage tanks and heat sources for DHW preparation. The article describes two basic ways of designing: Method using heat supply and demand curves of the DHW preparation system and Method of priority DHW preparation. Sizing of the DHW storage tank should primarily correspond to the used heat source and expected hot water consumption profile. When using the heat supply and demand curve method, the designer places the greatest importance on the minimum size of the DHW storage tank (i.e. the shape of the supply curve), regardless of the potential changes in the DHW consumption profile (i.e. the demand curve). When using the so-called priority DHW preparation, the basic precondition is often neglected that the required heat output of a common heat source must comply not only with the DHW preparation system but also with other connected heat consumption points.

This design and technical solutions for sewage effluent are recommended based on the requirements of EN 12056-2 and experimental hydraulic pipeline measurements. Individual adjustments for pipe breakage are contained in national standards, e.g. STN 73 6760, ČSN 75 6760 and DIN 1986-100, which must comply with EN 12056-2.

The principles are set out in CSN 75 6760. Priority is given to sufficient drainage of waste water from equipment without extraction of odor closures and backflow.

The security elements and their connection vary depending on the type of heater and the amount of heated water. The connection of the safety valve pipe to the drainage system must be ensured by a so-called free spout in accordance with ČSN EN 1717.

For instantaneous heating, heated water is immediately consumed. Accumulating water heating is obtained especially when there is insufficient heat source available. For district heating, the water is heated outside the object in the heat exchanger station. For multi-stage heating, the water is heated by several heat sources.

On average, every citizen of the Czech Republic consumes about 40 liters of hot water per day. Approximately 2.2 kWh of thermal energy is consumed to heat this water.

We choose the water heater based on the availability of fuel and the need for water. What are the costs of water heating, how to select the stack size and how to read the energy label of the appliance?

The share of population exposed to flood risk tended to grow slightly. Compared to the world, however, the proportion of people at risk of floods in the Czech Republic is very small. In the future, it is possible to achieve an even greater degree of adaptation (resilience) to floods.

Historic gardens served for closed groups of people. Today, gardens and parks are mainly used by the general public, with all the negative influences that flow from it. The article also mentions requirements for technical solutions of water elements, including operational requirements.

In January 2018, the new European Standard EN 16941-1 On-site non-potable water systems – Part 1: Systems for the use of rainwater was issued. This European Standard will be issued in the Czech Republic in July 2018 in the English version.

It is expected that the new administrative centre of Lesy České republiky would be an exemplary demonstration of the use of wood, which will be used in the form of the building material or in which the importance of wood will be emphasized in another appropriate way. The paper is focused on a proposal that won the international architectural competition in 2016.

Appropriate measures make it possible to approach the water regime in cities in nature to mitigate negative impacts of urbanization. There are also many implementations in the Czech Republic that return water and greenery to cities.

The thesis is focused on smart metering system and ripple control. The first theoretical part describes function of ripple control. The second theoretical part presents smart metering technology with introduction of a new system of energy settlement. The new system of energy settlement use prices in the intraday market which are published on Electric grid operator’s website. The system can be considered as a dynamic tariff. The system of energy settlement is demonstrated on consumption of the family house. The comparison of both systems is demonstrated in the final part of the thesis.

Bromates (BrO₃⁻) are classified as hazard substances that can cause carcinogenic diseases. They belong among the elements that are not commonly found in analysis of the drinking water. Bromates appear as by-product from water disinfection by ozone in the water, that contain the higher concentration of bromine ions (BrO⁻). There are several physical and chemical processes that can be used to reduce the concentration of bromates. Adsorption is one of the most frequently used methods for removal of the hazard substances from the water. It allows the application of various type of sorbent materials for instance: active coal, zeolite, GEH, and the other materials with base of iron hydroxide.
The main aim of this work was to ensure the removal of bromates from the water source Dvorníky (Slovak Republic), with selected sorbent materials: granulate active coal, zeolite, GEH, Bayoxide E33, Read – As, Klinopur – Mn, and activated alumina. The results of the laboratory tests are present in the experimental part.

Water increases its volume when heated in a heater. The increased volume is then discharged through the safety valve into the waste. This leads to water losses. Larger proportional losses occur especially when hot water is not taken during heating.